Content
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CURRENT PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY
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Ilarionova T.S. Anthropology of disloyalty: from the history of cooperation between the academies of social sciences under the CPSU Central Committee and the SED Central Committee (1951 - 1989)
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9
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REGIONAL RESEARCH
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Petrukhin K.Yu. Expert opinions (journal publications, based on historical experience) on the reintegration of new regions into Russia
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30
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JURISPRUDENCE
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Kundich A.D. Electronic evidence in civil and arbitration proceedings
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39
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Tyschenko E.O. Definition and differences of a domain name from traditional means of individualization
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46
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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
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Suvorov V.L., Paramonov V.V. Specific features and particular the use of soft power in international relationships: history and modernity
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53
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Kazanin M.V. National security the republic of turkey: the Russian direction
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60
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Danilova E.V. Impact of the Russian presidency on the development of BRISK
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76
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Bratov S.V. The threat of a new cold war in the context of the strategic rivalry between China and the United States
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87
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Turin E.A., Savinova E.N., Mustafin D.O. The Scottish style in politics: specific and universal manifestations. Part 2
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95
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Qaisar Ali, Shahid Jan Afridi The consequences of Israeli attacks on Syria in the context of the Gaza war: a strategic and political analysis
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104
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Li Jingyuan, Li Pengcheng Research on the covered bridge culture in Zhejiang and Fujian Regions from the perspective of human geography
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123
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Glebezdin A.V. Geopolitical aspects national-state the identity of Ukraine
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138
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Huang Mingtuo Language program in Post-Independence Kazakhstan
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150
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Cui Jianping On the reasons for settling the border issue between China and Russia
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157
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Shahid Jan Afridi, Lapenko M.V., Qaisar Ali Analysis of regional interconnectedness of states within the SCO: on the example of Pakistani-Russian relations
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167
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Gerasimov V.M., Stelmak E.V. Philosophy of geopolitics: competing narratives within the China–Taiwan–US Triangle
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184
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Abstracts
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197
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Authors
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215
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Requirements to materials submitted to the international publishing house "Etnosocium"
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219
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The history of relations between socialist countries is examined using the example of contacts and joint events of related academies of social sciences under the central committees of the ruling parties in the USSR and the GDR - the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. It is shown that such key events in the 1950s - 1980s as the 20th Congress of the CPSU with its condemnation of the personality cult of Stalin, the policy of detente, and later perestroika influenced the most important factor in the unification of socialist countries - loyalty to the communist idea and policy of the USSR.
Key words: USSR, GDR, CPSU, SED, Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the SED.
In the context of complex geopolitical processes related to the entry of new regions into the Russian Federation, the analysis of historical experience and opinions of leading experts in the field of state reintegration is of particular importance. The article examines scientific approaches and publications on the adaptation of Crimea and other territories that joined Russia in different periods. Special attention paid to the practical conclusions drawn from these studies, as well as the possibilities of their application in the integration of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions. Based on the analysis of literary sources, conclusions formulated about the most effective mechanisms of legal, social and cultural adaptation that ensure stability and stability in the new subjects of the Federation.
Key words: reintegration, Crimea, DPR, LPR, Zaporizhia region, Kherson region, historical experience, post-conflict reconstruction, regional policy of Russia.
The article examines the features of electronic evidence in the civil and arbitration process in Russia in the context of the digitalization of the legal sphere. The concept of electronic evidence is considered as information created, transmitted or stored using electronic technologies, and their difference from traditional written evidence. The types of electronic evidence are analyzed: electronic documents, electronic correspondence, audio and video recordings, metadata, information from the Internet and data from electronic media. Special attention is paid to the legal regulation of the presentation, storage and evaluation of electronic evidence in accordance with the Civil and Arbitration Procedural Codes of the Russian Federation, as well as Federal Law № 220-FZ. The problems of authentication and reliability of electronic evidence, the role of electronic signatures and computer-technical expertise are discussed. The challenges associated with the need for notarization of copies and insufficient digital literacy of the participants in the process are highlighted. The author suggests ways to improve legislation and practice, including expanding the concept of written evidence, introducing modern technologies (blockchain, new types of digital signatures) and improving the skills of judicial specialists. Electronic evidence is considered as a key element for increasing the efficiency and transparency of judicial proceedings in the digital age.
Key words: electronic evidence, civil procedure, arbitration process, electronic documents, electronic signature, authentication, digital technologies, legal regulation, judicial proceedings, digitalization, evidentiary process.
The article examines the concept of a domain name and its differences from traditional means of individualization, such as trademarks and trade names. It analyzes the definitions of domain names provided by international organizations, Russian legislation, and regional regulations. The technical nature of domain names, their role in identifying internet resources, and the lack of legal protection under intellectual property law are emphasized. The differences in registration procedures, territorial scope, and functional purposes between domain names and means of individualization are explored. Arguments from researchers both supporting and opposing the classification of domain names as means of individualization are presented. The conclusion highlights the need for their clear distinction.
Key words: domain name, means of individualization, trademark, trade name, intellectual property, registration, legal protection, DNS, internet resources, civil turnover.
The article analyzes the use of the soft power in the international relationships under conditions of the «hard» opposition between the countries. In connection with changes of the main approaches to the use of the soft power it`s changing the features of its application. Thematic example is the current situation around Ukraine, which is being compared to the situation in the Middle-East. In this connection in the face of the world community the question is – is the soft power a force or a weakness in the opposition between countries?
Key words: international relations, hybrid war, soft power, world order, geopolitical rivalry, indirect action strategy.
The article presents the characteristics of the Russian direction of the national security strategy of the Republic of Turkey.
The directions of military-political and economic interaction of official Ankara with Moscow and Kiev in the context of a special military operation, as well as the involvement of the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation in internal conflicts in Syria, Libya and the events of the Armenian-Azerbaijani confrontation in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 are considered.
Particular attention is paid to the significance of conflict situations for the defense industry of the Republic of Turkey, which demonstrates a steady growth in economic indicators.
It seems possible to assert that the surrogate conflict is one of the most effective methods of protecting and promoting the interests of the national security of the Turkish state in the Mediterranean region.
It is concluded that the Turkish leadership was able to create an effective mechanism for ensuring national security and state interests.
The main sources of the study are studies of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of Turkish foreign policy.
Key words: Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, national security, special military operation, military-industrial complex.
This article is devoted to the study of the development of the multi-purpose association BRICS during the Russian and Brazilian presidencies. Special attention is paid directly to the main areas of multilateral interaction during 2024, as this period is marked by the increased attention of the world community to BRICS and the intensification of multilateral meetings through various mechanisms of the bloc. An analysis of the directions and priorities within the framework of the presidency of the Russian Federation is carried out, as well as conclusions regarding the key outcomes of Moscow’s policy on qualitative and quantitative increase in contacts between participating countries. The process of expansion of the BRICS is highlighted, as well as the emergence of a new mechanism for building partnerships in the association, such as «partner states». The reasons for the inclusion of new countries in the association are examined. In addition, the relationship between the main distinguishing features of the bloc and the characteristics of the multipolar world order is investigated.
Key words: BRICS, New Development Bank, Kazan Summit, Kazan Declaration, BRICS expansion, Russian chairmanship of the BRICS, multipolar world order, reform of global governance institutions, global majority, Global South.
In the article, the author analyzes the polarization of the world and possible scenarios of its development. According to the author, the polarization is related to the crisis of globalization and the unfolding strategic rivalry between China and the United States. One of the prospects for such a confrontation may be a new cold war, which is interpreted differently in Chinese and American political science discourse.
Key words: strategic rivalry, new cold war, anti-globalism, neo-Marxism, Trumpism.
In the second part of their study, the authors note that the Scottish government has gained a reputation as a governing entity that conducts policy in a different way, although, at the same time, the Scottish system of government also faces universal problems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article are: comparative ethnopolitical analysis; system analysis; socio-cultural approach; methods of combining sociological and institutional paradigms. The results obtained: 1. The Scottish style is manifested in the features of the political cycle. 2. The essence of the Scottish style is revealed in the fact that it relatively calmly correlates with the competence of the Scottish authorities and the differences in the policy outcomes of Edinburgh and London. Conclusion: The Scottish style (as a special approach) could help solve problems related to fragmentation, ambiguity and discretion if policies are developed jointly and belong to national, regional and local authorities. On the other hand, it implies the need to encourage freedom of action, a significant degree of participation in policy development at the local level, as well as recognition of the fact that some policy directions can be formed in the absence of centralized management.
Key words: Scotland, ethnopolitical specifics of governance, political cycle, prevention policy, transition policy.
This article examines and analyzes the geopolitical situation in the Middle East focusing on the Israeli attacks on Syria and its implications for the conflict in the Gaza Strip and similarly, this study found out how the complex political dynamics between the Middle East after the fall of Assad and the Israeli attacks on the Golan Heights changes the situation between Israeli and Syrian regional politics highlighting the strategic and political implications of these strikes. In this study, using a comparative political method including content analysis and thematic analysis, the study analyzed that these Israeli military actions are related to the wider regional tensions to achieve its geostrategic position and interests in the region. From a theoretical perspective, neorealist perspectives and power politics, the increase in violence in the Gaza Strip may force Israel to increase its dominance in the region in the long term by using the situation to its national and regional interests by increasing military operations in Syria to mitigate the perceived threats. However, in analyzing the reports, it should be noted that, firstly, the Israeli strikes on Syria worsen the security situation in the Gaza Strip, increasing regional instability, and these attacks confirm Israeli influence from Gaza to Syria. Until now, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq were safe havens for the Palestinians; after the collapse of Syria, there is no room left for support for Palestine. Secondly, the interconnectedness of these regional conflicts indicates a profound impact on the people of the region; and thirdly, a potential escalation of relations between Israel and Syria could significantly change the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East, which will further complicate the already unstable situation in the Gaza Strip.
Key words: Syria, Israeli attack, Gaza, Golan Heights, Hamas.
Through methods such as literature research, field investigation, and spatial analysis, this paper comprehensively analyzes the intrinsic connection between covered bridge culture and the geographical environment, and explores the covered bridge culture in the Zhejiang-Fujian region. Research has found that the unique topography, climate conditions and water system distribution in the Zhejiang-Fujian region profoundly influence the site selection, construction form and building material choice of covered Bridges. Covered Bridges not only possess unique architectural styles and structural features, but also carry rich social and cultural functions, with profound cultural connotations. In terms of spatial distribution, the culture of covered Bridges presents a specific distribution pattern, and there are phenomena of dissemination and cultural variation and integration among different regions. In response to the impact of urbanization and tourism development on the culture of covered Bridges, protection and inheritance strategies such as strengthening the construction of laws and regulations, carrying out cultural education, and rationally utilizing tourism resources have been proposed, with the aim of achieving the sustainable development of the culture of covered Bridges.
Key words: Zhejiang-Fujian region, covered bridge culture, social geography, cultural heritage protection.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the geopolitical orientation of Ukraine as an important component of the national identity of modern Ukraine. Based on a comparison of geopolitical theories, the article interprets the geopolitical status and self-identification of Ukraine, its role and place in international relations, and the impact of geopolitical choices on the security and sovereignty of the Russian Federation in modern conditions. The author asserts and substantiates the high importance of Ukraine's geopolitical choice for its national-state self-determination in the long term. At the same time, the influence of purely ideological moments on the formation of Ukraine's geopolitical discourse in the post-Soviet period is traced.
Key words: geopolitics, national identity, national security, Russia, Ukraine.
At the beginning of Kazakhstan's independence, there was a clear trend towards Kazakhization in its language planning, which implied making Kazakh ethnic self-consciousness the basis of the Republic's national identity and Kazakhs a unique status in various spheres. However, the implementation of this policy faced a number of difficulties. As a result, Kazakhstan's ruling elite reoriented its language planning, which shifted from favoring Kazakh over Russian to the parallel development of Kazakh and Russian.
Key words: language policy, Republic of Kazakhstan, ethnic identification, language planning.
The border issue involves the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, as well as the fundamental interests of the state. After more than 40 years of intense negotiations, China and Russia have finally resolved the border issue. The ability of China and Russia to resolve the border issue is the result of a combination of factors. The improvement of Sino-Soviet relations is a prerequisite for the resolution of the border issue. The stable development of Sino-Russian relations is a solid foundation for the resolution of the border issue. Both China and Russia need good security conditions as an external driving force to resolve the border issue. Understanding the relationship between history and reality between China and Russia is key to solving the border issue.
Key words: border issue, Sino-Soviet relations, Sino-Russian relations.
Pakistan and Russia share geographical proximity, but historically, this proximity has not translated into deep cooperation due to Pakistan's alignment with the Western bloc during the Cold War and India's close relationship with Russia. Pakistan's formal accession to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), co-founded by Russia, in 2017 marked a significant turning point in bilateral relations. While considerable research exists on the SCO and its progress, studies specifically focusing on Pakistani-Russian relations within the SCO framework remain limited. Pakistan's accession to the SCO coincided with significant regional developments, including the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the resurgence of regional terrorism, intensified US-China competition, India's strengthening ties with the US, the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, and Western countries' hesitancy to engage with Russia. An analysis of Pakistan-Russia relations from 2017 to 2024, based on the theory of complex interdependence, indicates progress in cooperation and potential for enhanced collaboration in areas such as security, energy, and cultural exchanges. The shared interests of China and the Central Asian region also highlight the possibility of increased regional cooperation within the SCO. However, several factors have hampered the development of these relations, including Indo-Pakistan tensions, India's membership in the SCO and its historical ties with Russia, Pakistan's perceived vulnerability to external pressures, and regional instability linked to terrorism. Addressing these challenges requires proactive engagement to fully leverage the opportunities offered by the SCO to foster relations and collaboration between Russia and Pakistan.
Key words: SCO, Regional Organizations, Security, CPEC, Terrorism, Pakistan and Russia.
The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations and outlines the content of the philosophy of geopolitics with regard to the competing narratives of geopolitical interaction among China, Taiwan, and the United States. The study analyzes the stages of bifurcation of these competing narratives and examines their plot-semantic trajectories within the dialectics of shifts in meaning and value orientations driven by geopolitical interests.
Key words: philosophy of geopolitics, narrative philosophy of geopolitics, competing narratives, United States, China, Taiwan.